Five Important Nataraja Shrines of Tamil Nadu Essay

There are lots of temples in Tamil Nadu where Siva is worshipped as Nataraja. Lord Siva, as the god of dance is known as Nataraja. There are lots of temples in India and especially in Tamil Nadu where Siva is worshipped as Nataraja. But, there are mainly five places in Tamil Nadu where the cult of Nataraja is worshipped with gaiety and pomp. The dancing deity Nataraja can be seen in these Pancha sabbas or five halls of Tamil Nadu. The five temples – Chidhambaram, Maduarai, Thiruvilankadu, Tirunelveli and Kutralam, are very revered and is known as the five sabhas. It is said Lord Shiva has danced at these five places as Nataraja – the dancing form of Shiva, to benefit different devotees. Kanaka Sabha: The most important shrine for Nataraja is the Kanaka Sabha or golden hall at Chidambaram. The Nataraja dances here in the Ananda Tandava or the dance of bliss form and he is called Kanaka Sabhapati or the Lord of the Golden Hall. This temple has been sung in a lot of Dhevaram and Thiruvasakam. Here Lord Shiva is worshipped in all the three forms, namely, arupa – which is called chitambara rahasyam, aruparupa – shiva lingam and rupa – nataraja. Nataraja was the favourite deity of the Chola kings of Tanjavur and hence they kept idol of Nataraja in all the Siva temples built by them in various places in their empire in Tamil Nadu and all over in South India. Chidambaram marks an important stage of evolution of southern Indian architecture. Rajatha Sabha: Rajatha Sabha or silver hall (velli ambalam) at the Minakshi Sundareshwarar temple in Madurai is another important Natarja shrine of Tamil Nadu. Nataraja is shown in a very rare posture here. He is shown his right leg raised and dancing on the dwarf (apasmara purusha) with his left foot. Both the main image of stone (moolavar) and the processional image (utsava murti) in this shrine are in unusual posture. The usual posture of Nataraja is dancing with his right leg placed on the dwarf with his left leg upraised. The change in posture of Nataraja here is linked with the legend (sthala-purana) of this place. It is said that the Pandyan king of Madurai was a devotee of Nataraja and under pressure from a rival Chola king, tried to master dance. But while trying to do so, he realised the difficulty of the task. He was filled with agony to see his favourite deity dancing with his right foot always as he did feel while doing himself. So, he prayed Lord Nataraja to change his posture so that he does not get tired in a same posture. The Lord listened to his request and changed his posture. So, Nataraja is seen dancing on his left foot here. One of the five important shrines of Nataraja can be seen at Madurai in Tamil Nadu. Here the dancing posture of Ambalavanan (Lord Siva) with ten hands can be seen only in the Velli ambalam at Madurai. Here the dance performed by Nataraja is known as Paramananda Thandavam and also as Chokka Thandavam. It is also known as Sundara Tandavam. Tamra Sabha: Another important Nataraja shrine of Tamil Nadu is situated at the Nellaiappar temple in Tirunelveli. The Tamra Sabha or the hall of copper is found here in the vast campus. Here the icon of Lord Siva is made of Bronze and is encircled by a prabha or aura of very attractive workmanship. It is said that the Nataraja image here was originally in the temple of Agnishwaram. Once a fire out broke here and then it was kept on the bed of a river. Later, it was brought to the Nellaiappar temple and worshipped here. Ratna Sabha: The Ratna Sabha or the hall of rubies in Tiruvalangadu is another important Nataraja shrine of Tamil Nadu. It takes approximately two hours from Chennai by road to reach Tiruvalangadu. The Lord here is called Ratna Sabhapati or the Lord of the Hall of rubies. There is a mythical story related to this place and the shrine. It is said that once Siva and Kali had a dance contest. At that time Kali was in a very angry mood and could not be pacified easily. Initially, Kali gave a better performance than Siva. But, later Nataraja (Siva) performed the Tandava dance also known as the Chanda (terrific) tandava and lifted his leg up above his head. Then, Kali out of modesty accepted her defeat. Lord Nataraja won the contest but he also declared that Kali was second to none than himself in dance. There is a very stunning metal image of eight-armed Siva dancing in the Urdlwa Tandava can be seen in this temple. There is also a small shrine nearby and there is another metal image of Kali who is also eight-armed can be seen. Chitra Sabha: The last among the five Nataraja shrines in Tamil Nadu is situated at Kuttralam. The Chitra Sabha or the hall of paintings is found here in Kuttralam, which is famous for its waterfalls. Here the lord Siva is known as the Kuttralanathan. But, all the rituals conducted here are first offered for Nataraja and then for Kuttralanathan. Here, Nataraja is known as Ananda Nata-rajeshwarar or the God of Blissful Dance. Kuttralam has nine Water Falls: 1. Main falls 2. Chitaruvi 3.Shenpagadevi falls 4. Thenaruvi 5. Five falls 6. Orchard falls 7. New falls 8. Tiger falls 9. Old Courtallam falls. Legends on Chitrasabhai goes like – The wedding of Shiva and Parvathi attracted huge celestial crowd at Himalaya that Shiva requested Saint Agastyar to proced southwards to balance the earth, and Agastyar is said to have created the Shivalingam here by shrinking an image of Vishnu, hence the name Kutralam. The Chitra Sabha is located outside the areas of the main temple. It is actually a huge hall built in a typical Kerala style. A huge painting of Nataraja in Tanjavur style can be seen here.

Comment on an Experience in Your Life Essay

I was a little worried writing about my mother because I thought it would seem like I was looking for sympathy, but I figured it was a good topic to write about because it had the largest effect on me. My goal became to write an essay that didn’t focus on the death or loss but on the change and growth that took place. Being active is something that has always been important to me, and I learned this from growing up with and observing an expert. My mother was more active and involved than anyone I have ever known. She had an endless energy for life, and love for my two brothers and me, and I have tried to be the kind of person that she was. The phrase on her headstone reads: â€Å"A joyous and boundless energy.† My mother was a highly respected kindergarten teacher for twenty years. In addition to working with children as a professional, she was always involved in my elementary school years, as a class mother or President of the PTO. In the summers there were more children, as we would go to sleepaway camp in Maine and she would be in charge of the youngest group of campers. She was always running, playing, consoling, planning, and caring for children. At home, she was just as active. I remember doing homework with her every night and she got so involved with it that she would practically do it for me, which I thought, at the time, was a pretty good thing. We were always going places, visiting friends, just learning, and there was never a dull moment. Though I didn’t know it consciously at the time, she was setting an example which I was bound to follow. Over seven years ago, my mother died after a long battle with melanoma. I was ten at the time, in fifth grade, and I suppose I didn’t really understand it all that well, or as well as my older brothers did. This essay is not about that loss or death, but on the change that took place. After she was gone, things were so drastically different, because there was so much dull time with nothing to fill it but thoughts. I think I learned from my mom about how to be active and I must have decided, subconsciously, to continue in her path. I saw how happy she and the rest of my family were, and I wanted to perpetuate that. Though it was a small beginning, I began the next year by becoming class president. I joined every club I could and participated in different sports. I wanted to do as many different things as I could. One of my memories of junior high was being busy every lunch period with meetings: the math team, student government, Junior National Honor Society. I was the this little tiny kid, the smallest in my grade, and I was always running around and talking. I remember being scolded many times for what I thought was having too much energy. I was always taught, by my mother, that energy was a good thing, and when it got me in trouble it was very confusing. I continued with this energy and involvement throughout my high school years. I come from a very small school, and that has had a positive effect in allowing me to explore many different activity options. I wouldn’t have been able to experiment the way that I did if I had come from a larger school. I found myself involved in athletics, student government and publications, community service, academic competitions, and drama productions. This experimentation allowed me to see what activities I liked the most, and it gave me a good idea of what I want to continue doing. I loved going to my high school and felt close to the 82 other students in my grade. I think I would like to pursue education at a small school which would allow me to continue to participate the way I have. I don’t think it really matters to me exactly what I am doing. I just want to be doing something. I want to be involved and be around people instead of just sitting home. I wouldn’t have had nearly as much fun if I hadn’t participated. I have met so many new people and had so many different experiences. I learned this from my mother and I think it’s a very important lesson. I like to think that my life, and all that I do, is part of a tribute to my mother’s legacy, and that I have inherited some of her â€Å"joyous and boundless energy.

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

1 - Assignment Example Dell states, in their SEC Form 10-K, that their business strategy â€Å"combines its direct customer mood with a highly efficient manufacturing and supply chain management organization and an emphasis on standard-based technologies. This strategy enables Dell to provide customers with superior value; high-quality, relevant technology; customized systems; superior service and support; and products and services that are easy to buy and use.† From just looking at the business strategy it shows that Dell, Inc. is a business which thrives off customer intimacy with the ability to make the right product for the customer, and the customer alone. As with any company there are risks that will threaten their ability to appease their stockholders. Some of these risks include: drops in the economy which affect net revenue; drop in international sales; infrastructure failures; loss of government contracts; wars, terrorism, natural disasters, and public health scares. There are controls out there for every one of these situations. Keeping prices reasonable here and overseas will make sure that even a dip in the global economy will not affect the sales too terribly bad. Furthermore, evaluations of personnel, equipment, and property will also ensure that there are no infrastructure failures. For government contracts, keep your bids a little lower than the competitors, this will also help out when wars, terrorism, natural disasters, and public health scares threaten profits. The SOX Act of 2002 definitely affects every major corporation basically stating that everybody on the board is held accountable with the CEO, Chairman of the Board signing off on the finalized SEC 10-K Forms each year. This affects the disclosures by telling Dell that they must report accurately since a third party will audit the records to see if they are off. Furthermore, it affects the disclosures by making sure that Dell keeps everything on the

Crow Lake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crow Lake - Essay Example This brings about another challenge, as they have to struggle in order to cater for the needs of the family. With the responsibility of taking care of the family, the two brothers and their eldest sister move to seek employment opportunities, which ideally is a tough task but since there is no alternative, they are forced to settle for any menial jobs available for them. For the two brothers, they take up jobs in the neighborhood at Pye’s family. With such background information, this paper analyses the case of Luke, the older of the two brothers currently in their late teens. Luke despite being the older son in the family, is not good academically, and with the realization of the responsibility ahead, forgoes his college education dreams to allow his brother Matt who despite being younger is better academically. Ideally, in an instance of not completing the book, it is evident that Luke would have become a greater individual in the society considering his hard work and the act of scarify he has shown. The ability of an individual to sacrifice the opportunity of a college education for a brother despite not being sharp academically requires a big heart and one that has a focus for the betterment of the future. The aspect of forgoing college by Luke for his brother Matt, who happens to be Kate, their sister’s favorite seems to cause some rift between the two brothers. Luke feels bad about the sister looking down upon him based on academic reasons despite the sacrifice Luke is able to make for the better of the whole family. Had I been in Luke’s shoes, it is very possible I would have the same feeling towards Kate. Despite the back draws that Luke has experienced in life, it is evident that his life as an old man will be one of success. Unlike his brother Matt, who despite receiving a sacrifice from his brother Luke, is still involved in misbehavior by getting involved with Pye’s daughter Maria, getting her pregnant, forcing him out of

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Communication - Essay Example Cultivating on silence is the first step when one is practicing the art of listening. Listening to the silence is helpful because it assist one to listen beyond words and grasp on the feelings of the speaker. Therefore, getting comfortable with silence is a practice that will assist a person to learn the art of listening. The next step is slowing down to reflect. This involves listening to oneself being acquainted to the voice of your soul. Once we get to know and trust the voice of the soul, we find ourselves able to identify when we need to speak and when we need to listen. The art of â€Å"becoming present† is the last step when practicing the art of listening (Machado & Meyer-Botnarescue, 2009). The technique involves deep listening that is listening at the heart level. The technique is present when one feel connected to an individual or to a group of people. Through this method, we are able to communicate with people from diverse backgrounds and customs. Sensing, evaluating and responding are the three components of reflective listening. Sensing involves the skill of receiving signals from the speaker and paying attention to them. the signals may include â€Å"spoken words, nature of the sounds(tone or voice) and nonverbal cues†. Sensing can be enhanced by avoiding interruptions and maintaining interest (Machado & Meyer-Botnarescue, 2009). Diverse cultures have different forms of communicating nonverbally therefore, it is important for teachers to be conversant with these differences. For example in a class of diverse backgrounds, there are children who will not make direct eye contact when speaking to a teacher. This is so because according to their culture it shows lack of respect. Some students may also not smile to a teacher because according to their culture it is wrong to smile. For instance in Korean culture smiling signals shallowness and thoughtlessness.

The war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The war - Essay Example The period between the first gulf war in 1990s and the second in early 2000 has witnessed many changes in the military. The changes include application of more advanced technology and overhaul of tactical approaches, transformations that have achieved mixed results. This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of applying United States’ advanced military technology in Iraq and Afghanistan. The war in Afghanistan is one of the major United States military offensives aimed at destroying the terrorists’ hideouts that had inflicted heavy damages on American interest around the globe. Iraq war was launched to overthrow the regime of Saddam Hussein accused by the government of possessing weapons of mass destruction with intention of using them to spread terror. Both wars were executed with highly sophisticated weapons that allowed the United States forces to demolish the enemy defenses with high precision aerial weaponry and at unprecedented rate. The quick demolition and annihilation of strategic enemy areas enabled subsequent entrance of the ground forces into the countries to finish off the remaining resistance (DOD, 2007). According to Anne(2004,p15), the execution of both wars heralded a new era of military tactics, which heavily relied on technologically enhanced devices in carrying out of both aerial and ground combat. This strategy was more precise, faster, and resulted to lower number of military and civilian casualties. DOD (2007) noted that the war strategy in both wars was culmination of coordination high technology military hardware with enhanced communication devices that enabled them to strike with pinpoint precision. The war in Afghanistan witnessed the first application of robots that were used to carry out surveillance, clearance of mines, identification of targets and rescuing soldiers. The robots included Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) that undertook the aforementioned tasks without carrying human operator in them (David, 2005, p2 7). These robots helped in protecting soldiers from enemy attacks. According to David (2005, p 28), advanced technology has produced better robots that are equipped with high precision equipment and artillery to strike detected target. The 2003 war in Iraq saw a combination of precision weapons, exemplary surveillance of the targeted enemy grounds, and swift ground combatants aided by highly advanced communication network that enabled monitoring of distant operations from a remote region (DOD, 2007). Though the application of advanced military technology enabled quicker executions of the mission, the war has dragged on for many years, resulting to heavy economic and human loss. According to DOD (2007), the number of United States troops killed in both Iraq and Afghanistan exceeds those killed in actual combat at the beginning of the war. Anne (2004, p31) notes that threat of improvised explosive devices or roadside bombs continue inflicting damage on American forces. According to DO D (2007), the explosive devices have killed over 2000 American soldiers in Iraq, while more than 21,000 have suffered debilitating injuries that have effectively compromised their physical and psychological performance for life. In Afghanistan, the improvised explosive devices have claimed lives of over 250 American soldiers, with over 1,700 suffering serious injuries (DOD, 2007). Anne (2004, p21) notes that the explosive devices are the highest killer of the Allied forces in both countries and they have greatly undermined the efforts achieved the application of the advanced military technology. However, continuous innovation in the American military has produced mine- resistant ambush –protected all terrain vehicle(M-ATV) that offers better protection from roadside bombs than the heavier mine- resistant- ambush-

Do the ICU Nurses Experiences Help in Evolving Medical Futility Research Paper

Do the ICU Nurses Experiences Help in Evolving Medical Futility Guidelines - Research Paper Example Findings: - when the contents of the literature are viewed through the glasses of the three extracted views, it is found that experiences of nurses form a great volume of the database. Nurse's perception of medical futility is not given due place in decision making by physicians. Terming the utility behind the medical system and its care oriented activities, as futility is an oxymoron. Treatments that do not fetch results/goals are considered as medical futility. If this can be taken as a rule, then any stage of treatment towards the curative goal can also be rejected as medical futility, because the stages of treatment may not land immediately on the anticipated results. The interactive gap between doctors and patients or their families worsens the situations in many decision-making junctures. Critical situations like withdrawal of life support systems and stoppage of ineffective medical interventions are to be managed in consensus with the patients and families. To achieve this consensus more than five sittings of negotiations are needed at times. Lack of skill in maneuvering the negotiations in the interest of patients on the part of doctors and physicians of entry-level forms the crux of the problem. The term futility is associated with the target-missed. When maintaining the quality of life of the patient is the target, the medical futility makes no sense. Only when life-saving is the issue, medical futility works; that too because of the occurrence of death, which is never in the hands of us. Thus keeping a negative target-- that is death-- as a measure to judge the medical interventions seems quite irrelevant. During the last decade of the 20th Century, medical futility guidelines began to emerge at different levels in many institutions. The role of the nursing community in ICU and their perception of medical futility were unfortunately given less importance in evolving the guidelines.  Ã‚  

Medical anthropology -how political economy relates to the issue of Research Paper

Medical anthropology -how political economy relates to the issue of social suffering - Research Paper Example e an aspect that is influenced and affected by numerous interplays of social control issues, ranging from politics, economy, culture, and many more (Brown and Barrett 28). Of particular interest to this study is political economy as well as how it relates to the issue of social suffering. Numerous anthropological theories exist that postulate the relationship between health and interrelated human social environment. Therefore, this paper is arranged in two parts, which are theoretical development of medical anthropology and how political economy relates to the issue of social suffering. The objective of the paper is to clearly outline how social suffering within the perspective of anthropology can be linked to political economy of society. Numerous studies have been undertaken to investigate what causes human health problems in different societies. As a result, different but related frameworks have been developed over a period, that link human health problem to different aspects of ecology, social, cultural, economy, and many more. Donald Joralemon clearly shows how people understand social suffering brought about by presence of diseases and illness using different anthropological perspectives (307). The author develops and explains three types of anthropological perspective that can be used to explain social suffering that human undergo such as disease. The three perspectives include ecological/evolutionary perspective, political/economic perspective, and interpretive perspective (Ember and Ember 307). It becomes possible for one to explain the presence and persistence of social suffering humans go through in any given society. Of interest to this study is the political/economic perspective, which postulates that soc iety is made up of social classes that exhibit differences in terms of resource accessibility, and this particular situation leads to differential occurrence and recurrence of diseases and illness in the society (Ember and Ember 307). The influence of

Squatters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Squatters - Essay Example squats, work is done in the process of cleaning the rooms, dusting the building, cooking for others and generally, doing something for the benefit of both parties. A job involves an undertaking that one does for creating some income. A job accompanied by a financial ratification that always presented as payment or a salary. For example, some people in the squats had a job of collecting the fifty-cent entrance fee for music. The money they received used for general upkeep while at the squats (PenÃŒÆ'alver and Katyal 37). An ideology behind some people’s decision to participate in a squat bases on one’s goal in life. Some people prefer having the life that they have less work pressure. Work where one has a feeling of self-satisfaction. Squat life has an environment where an individual is free from stress and where one can do something for others and in return feel appreciated. Such setting gives a person the opportunity to contribute positively to the community of the squat people by helping others. Therefore, such characteristics, as identified with squat life, may attract some people to live or participate in a squat. The idea of work feature into life in a squat by the sense that most work here regarded as community service. As from the talk, people spend the whole day doing what they want to do. Work and life in a squat are liberating. Work in squats rather taken as social undertakings that involve the effort to make things better for others. People in such an environment mind a lot about others, as there is a sense of collective responsibility. People come together from different background and end creates a family that they identify with in such squats. They, therefore, seek means of survival collectively as one (PenÃŒÆ'alver and Katyal 40). The squatting experience is fascinating in the sense that people seem to be what they are less expected. First, the life in squats is full of communism. The squatters treat each other as brothers. They listen to music

Three Views on Islamic Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three Views on Islamic Finance - Essay Example They point out that it is necessary for Islamic fiancà © to avoid riba by ensuring that differed debt payments are similar to the amount of loan. Islamic finance is also perceived by some to essentially be in a transitional state as it is somewhat in disunity with Shari’ah laws and as such, there are still a number of amendments that need to be made before it can finally be considered as being a primary financial mainstream. In my opinion, I support the first postulation that points out that it has been necessary for Islamic finance to replicate some of the conventional structures (El-Gamal, 2006). This is because failure to adopt such structures will essentially result in their returning minimal profit margins. On the current trajectory pointing out that Islamic finance is currently flying high albeit on what can be considered to be borrowed wings, I am of the opinion that this statement is essentially true. The popularity of Islamic finance has seen it quickly become quite popular in Islamic countries. However, the minimal profit margins that Islamic banks stand to make due to Shari’ah policies that cause them not to maximize on interest charges means that these banks are largely expensive, and not able to effectively compete with the more conventional banks which are well established not only in Islamic countries but also in the non-Islamic countries (Henry & Wilson, 2004). Speed should never be perceived to be a virtue in the event that it is determined that Islamic banking is going in the wrong direction. This is because it will be prone to make more errors whose eventual consequences might either cripple or completely destroy its structure.

Exotic Animals Essay Example for Free

Exotic Animals Essay The exotic animal trade is a growing industry in which exotic animals are bred, sold, and traded in massive amounts. Millions of exotic animals are being kept in private residences, small roadside zoos, and traveling wild animal exhibits. Sadly, beautiful and majestic animals are being held captive in unfortunate living conditions. They are being deprived the enrichment and companionship that they require to develop and flourish effectively as if they were living in the wild. These mistreated animals can be extremely dangerous to human health, the safety of the public, and the animals themselves. Many exotic animal attacks have been front page news; most recently, the release and killing of forty-nine exotic animals in Zanesville, Ohio, was said to be the worst exotic animal incident in United States history. This dangerous incident and those like it need to be thoroughly investigated, and legislation must be improved to avoid future incidents. Stricter laws will ensure exotic animals are being cared for humanely and the public is protected. Common exotic animals that are being purchased for private ownership or entertainment purposes are large game cats, bears, wolves, zebras, reptiles, birds, and nonhuman primates. The genetic anomalies of zedonks, crossbreeding zebras with donkeys, are even being advertised for sale (Green). All of these exotic animals may seem cute and cuddly in zoos and other exhibits, but they are extremely dangerous if not cared for appropriately. The care of exotic animals can be expensive, and many people will purchase these animals unaware of the costs that are required to maintain the animal’s health and environment. Many investigations into exotic animal attacks have revealed that these animals are not being cared for in humane ways. They were not being fed adequately and have not received appropriate medical care. The conditions these animals are forced to live in can make them violent towards owners or handlers. They become violent because they are hungry or because of health problems they have developed due to their ill-treatment. Exotic animals can carry diseases that can be dangerous to humans and, in some cases, even fatal. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that seventy thousand people in the United States contract the bacterial disease salmonella from the handling of reptiles, such as snakes or iguanas (Kirpalani). Humans have died from being exposed to diseases like the Monkey B virus carried by nonhuman primates as well as rabies found in many different species of animals. Additionally, humans can pose a threat to the exotic animals when they come into contact with them. Diseases that humans carry, like the herpes simplex virus, if contracted, can be fatal to certain small primates (Parsell). Many people question why there are a great number of exotic animals for sale in the United States. The answer is simple: exotic animal trade has been significantly profitable for those parties involved. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals reports that the illegal trafficking of exotic animals is a twenty-billion dollar industry (Eaton). Even though many states have laws that prohibit the sale and purchase of exotic animals, they continue to be illegally purchased through easy access websites, exotic animal brokers, exotic animal breeders, and exotic animal auctions held at livestock yards. There were even reports of one Texas woman selling tiger cubs from the back of her car in a Wal-Mart parking lot. I recently visited the website ExoticAnimalsForSale. net and discovered over six-hundred advertisements for exotic animals that were being sold. The animals ranged from large game cats to exotic birds and dangerous reptiles. Interested buyers can simply purchase these animals with one click of the mouse. The ease of illegally purchasing exotic animals has made this industry considerably successful. The lack of awareness and ignorance of many people that own exotic animals has been the cause of many incidents or attacks that have occurred. Recently, Terry Thompson, of Zanesville, Ohio, released his fifty-six exotic animals from their secure cages and then took his own life, enabling the animals to dangerously roam the farmland surrounding the moderately populated community. Most of the exotic animals released were extremely dangerous and posed a threat to the public. That afternoon, law enforcement officials were ordered to shoot and kill eighteen Bengal tigers, seventeen lions, six black bears, three mountain lions, two grizzly bears, two wolves, and one baboon. One other primate, a macaque monkey was reported missing, but later the remains were found and had been half eaten by another animal. Zoologist and animal activist were appalled that all the animals had to be exterminated, especially the eighteen Bengal tigers; a species that is currently found on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). Although forty-nine of them had to be killed, only one bear, two monkeys, and three leopards were successfully trapped and transferred to the nearby Columbus Zoo. Investigation later revealed that Thompson was not a sane person. He had past run-ins with the law concerning the welfare of his animals, and he had been convicted of animal cruelty in 2005. Similar incidents have occurred concerning the dangers of exotic animal ownership. Like the couple from Grain Valley, Missouri who were charged with endangering the welfare of a child when their pet ferret chewed off seven of their infant son’s fingers down to the knuckle. The news has reported many other shocking exotic animal incidents that have occurred this year. In Connecticut, a television animal star chimpanzee bit off both hands and mauled the face and of an elderly woman. In Florida, the death of a two year old girl who was squeezed to death in her crib by a pet python raised many concerns with the government officials that enforce animal ownership laws. These incidents, as well as many others, have shown that protective action must be taken immediately by law makers. The leniency in laws that prohibit the sale and purchase of exotic animals does not come without consequences. The Exotic Animal Incidents database compiled by the animal protection agency Born Free USA reports that seventy-five human deaths and over fifteen-hundred non-fatal incidents have occurred over the last twenty-one years (Whyte). As a result of the Zanesville incident, Ohio Governor John R. Kasich issued an executive order requesting state agencies to increase inspections and enforce stricter laws relating to animal health, captivity, and cruelty. The executive order called for The Ohio Department of Health, The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, and The Ohio Department of Agriculture to cooperate in the detailed investigation and additional inspection of private exotic animal owners and their facilities where wild animals are being bred, raised, and exploited. Ownership of exotic animals is legal in nine states, and in thirty other states, exotic animal ownership is legal if permits are simply applied for through state and local organizations (Kirpalani). These states must revise this easy process that they have developed. The laws should make exotic animal ownership harder. The process should weed out those individuals that are not competent enough to care for these animals. Our federal government has only one law in place to regulate the treatment of animals. The Animal Welfare Act, signed in 1996, requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for commercial sale, used in research, commercially transported, or exhibited to the public (USDA). Exotic animals should never be pets. They are wild animals and should be treated as if they are roaming free in their natural habitat, not at the cost of entertainment and human profits. It is imperative that state lawmakers and government officials take immediate action to pass strong legislation to protect the world’s exotic animals. Without these laws in place, many more animals will be held captive, mistreated, and set up as a danger to the public. Exotic animals should be in legitimate zoos where they can live in appropriate habitats, receive proper veterinary care, and adequate nutrition. Only professionals in a zoo should have the responsibility of providing the care and attention that these innocent animals deserve.

Charging Overweight Passengers by the Pound Essay Example for Free

Charging Overweight Passengers by the Pound Essay In the world today, obesity is becoming a serious problem that affects ones life in different situations. One of these situations is flying in the airplane. David Landsel in his article Some Airlines Make Obese Passengers Buy Two seats pointed out that different airlines are taking some policies concerning this issue. However, united airlines are not taking any policies. Southwest and Midwest airlines claimed that overweight passengers should buy an extra seat. If the airplane is not full, and more seats are available, a refund will be returned to the passenger. American airlines put limitations on the services that the airline provides, but passenger is not forced to purchase an extra seat. Air France travelers that suffered from obesity will have the opportunity to buy the extra seat with a 25 percent discount. With these different deals about the fat passengers, there is surely a disagreement about accepting these policies or rejecting them. Obese passengers should buy two airline seats. This is because of several reasons that may be benefit for the obese passengers and the normal weight passengers. So this will help make everyone more comfortable. Some critics claim that obliging obese passengers to buy an extra seat is a ridiculous statement. They should not be penalized for something that they may not be able to deal with. They might have a disease that makes them that way. They argued that this is discrimination to obese people and should not be practiced. But this is not true. Discrimination against someone for something is based on an opinion without objective truth. In this case, it is completely obvious that the passenger is taking up more space than the accommodated seat space. So the argument of the opposing side fails to take into account. Other critics argued that airline tickets are sold per individual not per pound, and people should not be penalized because of their weight. This is a non convincing argument since airlines sell tickets by seat not per person. If someone takes up to two seats, he should have to buy two seats. That is how it is and should be. Obese people sitting in a single seat can become a serious issue. Passenger will seriously squeeze the passengers beside him, leading discomfort and cause a struggle to get out of the seat to the toilet. No one would accept an obese person sitting next to him squishing and taking more than his space for the whole entire flight. It is not fair to the people sitting next to fat travelers who are crushed and uncomfortable for the whole flight. Skinny people will be crowded out by overweight people. Second, airplane seats and seat belts are designed to hold an average weight of 170 pounds, so seat belts fail to restrain heavy passengers. This poses a safety risk for them on the aircraft. Another airline obesity issue is that obese passengers can affect the balance of the airplane by adding more weight. This excess weight requires more work for the plane to move a heavier object which makes the airplane sometimes in a dangerous position. One third argument that supports the statement that obese travelers should buy two airlines seats is that everyone is entitled to hundred percent of the seat for which he paid. Severely, obese people spill over to the next seat that is occupied by the person that purchased the ticket to that seat. Sometimes, fat passengers took up one third to one half of the other passenger seat space. So if any person takes up more than one seat space, he must purchase the additional space he requires. Urging passengers with high body mass to purchase an extra seat is a fair policy that needs to be done by the airlines in order to keep all their flights safe and comfortable for all the passengers. So, obese people must know that airlines are taking these policies to protect them. Deltas Suzan Elliott states that the airline has no plans to implement any policy that discriminates against any of our passengers. This is how all the airlines think about this issue, but the difference is the way they practice these policies and deal with them with regard to the refund and the cost of the extra seat.

Pros And Cons Of Devolving HR Roles

Pros And Cons Of Devolving HR Roles Human Resource Management (HRM) has become more global and strategic and hence of higher importance to any organisation. Although many companies have recognised it, few are practicing many things in order to make their management of human resources more effective especially working more closely with the line managers. The success of an organization depends heavily on effective Human Resource Management practices and the competency of its human resources. Excellent companies recognize that human resources are their number one asset. This is true in the dynamic organization or industry. Therefore, employees must be adequately trained and retrained to ensure that their knowledge, skill and competency remain relevant and useful. It is a fact that the primary concern of an organization is its variability and hence its efficiency. One of the most distinguished management scientist, Tom Peters mentions in his book, In Search of Excellence using Hewlett Packard (HP) as a successful organisation that has implemented good use of line managers using HRM functions to become successful. He states, Although most top managements assert that their companies care for their people, the excellent companies are distinguished by the intensity and pervasiveness of this concern. He continues to describe this by giving various examples which are interesting to consider. According to him, eighteen out of twenty HP executives that were interviewed spontaneously claimed that the success of their company depends on the companys people-oriented philosophy. It is called the HP Way. It is the tradition of treating every individual with consideration and respect and recognising personal achievements. Dave (co-founder Packard) also believes in this philosophy. The dignity and worth of the individual is a very important part. A philosophy that has been a driving force in the organisations success is, First there should be highly capable, innovative people throughout the organisation second, the organisation should have objectives and leadership which generate enthusiasm at all levels. People in important management positions should not only be enthusiastic themselves, they should be selected for their ability to stimulate enthusiasm among their associates. The introduction to the revised corporate objective statement concludes: Hewlett-Packard should not have a tight, military-type organisation, but rather give people the freedom to work toward overall objectives in ways they determine best for their own areas of responsibility. In short, the most extraordinary trait at HP is uniformity of commitment, the consistency of approach and attitude. Wherever you go in the HP empire, you find people talking product quality, feeling proud of their divisions achievements in that area. HP People at all levels show boundless energy and enthusiasm (In search of Excellence Page 242 -246) To summarise, the philosophy behind this example is that the excellent companies emphasise the philosophy that says, in effect, respect the individual, make people winners, let them stand out, treat people as adults (In search of Excellence Page 277) Many researches in the recent years have highlighted the importance of line managers within HR processes. They carry out various duties of HR functions especially recruitment and selection and undoubtedly play a significant role in guaranteeing that employees are motivated, productive, competent and parallel with the business strategy as well as making sure that the organisation complies with the relevant laws and regulations. A line manager is responsible for an employee or a work group to a higher level of management line who is generally in the lower layer of the management hierarchy and the employees who report to him/her do not themselves have any managerial responsibility. One may find that occasionally a line manager may not have formal management education because he/she is generally promoted from within. The common management duties of a line manager may include as follows: People management Measuring operational performance Organising work allocation and rotas Monitoring work processes Dealing with customer/clients Line managers can play an important role and can assist the process of the revitalisation of an organisation with enhanced customer focus and staff performance. They ensure employees are motivated, productive and competent, and aligned behind the business strategy. They are also vitally important in making sure that the organisation complies with relevant laws and regulations. The people and performance research carried out for the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development (CIPD) by a team at Bath University (Hutchinson, 2003) found that the line managers played a vital role in terms of implementing and enacting HR policies and practices. They found that where employees feel positive about their relationship with their line managers they are more likely to have higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment and loyalty which are associated with higher levels of performance or discretionary behaviour. Discretionary behaviour is defined as that which goes beyond the requirement of the job to give extra performance which can boost the bottom line. Line managers also play the strongest part in structuring peoples actual experience of doing a job. According to an online survey of 121 organisations, collectively employing almost a quarter of a million people, shows that four in five (80.2%) organisations have devolved responsibilities such as managing flexible working requests and handling grievance and disciplinary procedures to line managers over the past few years. And two in three predict the role of line managers will take on even more HR functions over the next few years. (Williams, 2008) Also, another interesting finding was that the line managers claimed to be satisfied with the HR responsibilities that have been devolved to them and are keen to take on activities that relate explicitly to the development of their team. Most line managers report working closely with their HR counterparts and see the configuration moving towards a partnership. The line managers main concern is that a lack of support from HR during the delivery of the service can detract from the overall effectiveness. They also note that junior level line managers are likely to feel less supported by HR and comment that it is merely their high level position that drives the HR-line partnership in their situations. (Susan Whittaker, 2003). The role of line managers in both public and private organisations has changed quite significantly in recent years. The line managers have been allocated more responsibilities and are accountable not only for budgeting and allocating of resources, but most importantly for people management issues as per Hoogenboorn Brewster (1992.). According to some sources such as Storey (1992: 190), he argues that line managers may well be playing a far more central role in labour management than HR personnel. Whereas another source, Hales (2005) traces the greater involvement of line managers in HR issues to two developments. He argues that the line managers have been taking on the role of a coach , conductor or a leader of a highly motivated team as a result of the spread of Human Resource Management and the adoption of more participative forms of management concerned with securing high performance through commitment rather than control. Human Resource Devolvement has led to line managers acquiring middle management functions and becoming mini-general managers accompanied by the loss of supervisory functions downwards to work teams. It is hence more appropriate for line managers to take responsibility for people development since they operate alongside the people they manage and therefore it is argued that that their reactions are more immediate and appropriate (Whittaker and Marchington, 2003). Indeed, across Europe, Larsen and Brewster (2003: 229) suggest, there is now a widespread drive to give line managers more responsibility for the management of their staff and to reduce the extent to which personnel or HR departments control or restrict line management autonomy in this area. Initial research indicates some positive support for line manager HR involvement. Hutchinson and Purcell (2003) found that line manager involvement in coaching, guidance and communication positively influences organisational performance. Likewise, a case study of line manager involvement in HR in the NHS by Currie and Proctor (2001) found that line managers are important contributors to strategic change when provided with discretion in implementing HR strategies within their own work groups. Whittaker and Marchington (2003) maintain that line managers increasingly welcome HR responsibilities and are prepared to take them on as they add variation and challenge to their work. Gibb (2003) argues that requiring line managers to be more involved in the HR issues may also lead to a transformation of managers own attitudes towards HR, organisational change and thus a transformation of human relations at work (Gibb, 2003). By increasing line manager involvement in HR, it is argued that better workplace conditions will result as line managers have better understanding than specialists of the type and range of interventions needed. In this pursuit, line managers are assisted by more effective and user-friendly human resource information systems, new technologies and Human Resource call centres, making it possible for line managers to handle some HR work without the assistance of Human Resource Department. It is seen that a speedy resolution of conflicts and lower rate of employee turnover is possible by moving Human Resources responsibilities closer to employees through line managers. Indeed, providing greater authority to line managers and encouraging greater initiative taking may address a long-standing criticism levelled at HR departments; namely a lack of appreciation of the immediacy of the line managers problems (Harris, L, Doughty, D. Kirk, S. (2002). According to Maxwell and Watson (2006), business partnerships between HR specialists and line managers have emerged as the dominant model for Human Resources operations within organisations. Similarly, Ulrich (2005) outlines the role of HR Strategic Partners as working alongside line managers to help them reach their goals by crafting strategies to maximise productivity through alignment of corporate resources to these goals. We can hence understand that devolving HR responsibilities to line managers offers a number of benefits to organisations. A greater freedom to HR specialists to engage with strategic issues is provided enabling them to forge closer relationships with line managers and a partnership model towards managing employees is developed. Similarly, line managers understand and appreciate the complex nature of dealing with the employee issues and become more encouraged and involved in everyday workplace management tasks. However, line managers have pointed various issues concerning HR involvement despite the above mentioned benefits of participating in HR activities. It will obviously increase their workload by getting involved in HR tasks. Increased workload leads to feelings of incompetence among line managers and reluctance to take responsibility for devolved HR activities. Indeed, this has led to feelings amongst some line managers of being dumped upon (Renwick 2003: 265) or pushed upon to take new HR responsibilities (Harris, L, Doughty, D. Kirk, S. (2002):) due to a climate of fear and mistrust driven by HR. The experience and ability of line managers to take responsibility for HR issues may present a major barrier to devolvement. Both Whittaker and Marchington (2003) and Hailey, V.H., Farndale, E. Truss, C. (2005) suggest that line managers skills and competence in HR practices may be limited and a lack of training in this area will undoubtedly affect a line managers overall effectiveness. I ncapability and misunderstanding of HR practices on the part of line managers will prevent the organisation from developing a strong learning culture (McCracken and Wallace, 2000) with McGovern et al. (1997) arguing that a lack of training may lead to inconsistencies in implementing organisational HR policies potentially exposing the organisation to lawsuits and employment tribunals. Their research though, indicates that management development is not a priority for the top management and reliance on the notion of trial-and-error is prevalent in organisations. Furthermore, the failure of organisations to take a long-term developmental view is exposed by a reluctance to set aside a specific budget for training and the belief that management development is the individuals responsibility. Many line managers get under pressure to meet operational targets, and often struggle to fulfil their people management duties. This is partly because they are not equipped with the tools, skills and knowledge they need to be effective. As a result, managers sometimes effectively abdicate responsibility for aspects of people management. A commonly used phrase is thats HRs job often tends to be heard a lot in many companies whether relating to employee development, managing an individuals performance or dealing with absenteeism issues. Recent research involving nearly 3,000 employers by the Work Foundation and the Institute for Employment Studies found that organisations with a comprehensive, structured approach to people management, covering areas such as recruitment, development plans and employee appraisals, perform better than those without, as indicated by higher profits per employee, higher profit margins and ultimately higher productivity. Sometimes its easy to be critical of managers, but often theyre not properly equipped to be effective. Investment in management training requires clearly set-down policies and procedures. There appears to be lack of clear guidance and easily accessible information, its not surprising that many line managers response when an issue arises is either to pick up the phone to HR or to ignore the problem and hope it would goes away or transfer responsibility to someone else. It is interesting but to be fair to line managers, sometimes part of the problem may also lie with the HR department itself. For all the talk about wanting to devolve more responsibility to the line, in practice HR professionals are sometimes reluctant to trust line managers to manage. They are unwilling to give managers the tools and information they need to do the job effectively: after all, knowledge is power, and by being the gatekeepers of all information relating to employees, policies and processes, HR may feel that it has power. This is clearly not in the long-term interests of the HR function. HR teams must realise that if they are to fulfil their potential and be true partners to the business, then they need to trust their managers with the day-today stuff. This doesnt mean being unsupportive but continued support to line managers to assist them with responsibility for the way that people are managed. It does mean defining strategies and policies and then putting in place the frameworks and the systems that enable managers to take accountability for the day-to-day execution but in a controlled, informed and effective way. Line managers must aim to be more accountable whereas HR professionals being more strategic could assist when working together. Better solutions are needed to support key people management processes and its likely that intelligent use of technology is likely to represent at least part of the answer. Technology-based services offer organisations the potential to give much greater support to their line managers, but in a highly cost-effective way. Line managers can be given tools to walk them through common processes, access to comprehensive information about their employees, guidance on how to manage effectively, and prompts when tasks or actions are due all accessed via a single web-based service. In view of the above, making line managers responsible for the delivery of HR can be complex. Line managers may not possess the required skills needed to implement HR initiatives and may feel ill-equipped or insufficiently trained to accept responsibility for day-to-day HR tasks. Devolving HR responsibilities may also represent a lack of appreciation of the workloads, time pressures and overall priorities of line managers threatening the overall standards of HR delivery across the organisation and diminishing the value of HR. It is found that getting line managers involved in HR tasks is a step towards achieving a more strategic, value-added approach to managing employees. Line managers play an important position in the organisational hierarchy and can directly affect the quality of front-line services. It will greatly increase the existing pressures of excess workload and the need to deliver on short-term priorities by devolving line managers with HR responsibilities. It will also mean the requirement of display of a higher level of HR competency by the line managers which calls for the need for high-quality training programmes for line managers to ensure that they feel confident in discharging their new HR responsibilities. Such training may help organisations avoid costly litigation and damage to their public reputation. HR professionals must engage with line managers and develop a partnership to bring about a speedier resolution to workplace conflicts by allowing line managers to seek guidance and advice whenever required thereby making line managers more responsible for HR. Table 1: Pros and Cons of Devolving HR roles to Line Managers Pros Cons Increase speed of decision -making Line management responsibility for people issues Local management accountability Potential cost savings Strategic role for central HR/IR Short lines of communication Lack of time to perform HR duties Increase in line managers workload Additional costs of training managers Increase in grievances/tribunal cases Potential for HR/IR to be marginalized People management not considered to be part of the line managers job

The American Revolution: Freedom for the White Man :: Essays on American Revolution

The American Revolution was a glorious war fought to free the American colonies from the British rule. Although we won that war, there were still many people who were not free from our rule. One group of people were the black slaves. The black people had many struggles to freedom which helped shape our American culture today. Three different periods characterized there struggles: the slaves before the Civil War, during Reconstruction, and during the civil rights movements. These three eras mark a pivotal point in the movement and advancement of the black race to social equality. During the time before the Civil War, it was not easy for slaves to organize and rebel against their slaveholders or whites in general. There were numerous laws that specifically took away slaves rights as men. Slaves also feared the whip and even death if they were to act out against their owners. The Declaration of Independence did not apply to many groups and the black race was one of those excluded groups. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness"(Primus 295). Thomas Jefferson, having slaves himself, recognized the fact that he could not free the slaves himself in that document. It was difficult enough for him to get the Declaration approved by all of the colonies in itself. In fact the last man to sign the Declaration of Independence did not do so until the year 1778. The slaves were kept in ignorance of any knowledge which might have led to their freedom. Laws forbade reading and writing for slaves. They also forbade anyone to teach a slave to read. To keep the slaves obedient, slaveholders often made an example of a slave by beating him with the cow skin, or even killing him. "He[Gore] gave Denby but few stripes; the latter broke away from him and plunged into the creek, and, standing there to the depth of his neck in water, he refused to come out at the order of the overseer; whereupon, for this refusal, Gore shot him dead!"(My Bondage and My Freedom 122). This era was definitely a period were the black people had little voice in their future and society. Most people in the north felt differently however. These people were called the abolitionists, and they were dedicated to freeing the slaves. The southern states, strongly disagreed with their views and

An Ironic Night :: essays research papers

It was Friday night January 12 and Tanya, Heidi, and I were on our way to the movies. We drove in Heidi’s brand new 2000 silver Mustang. We were in the car listening to music and happy to get to see the movie that we have been waiting to see. We were going to see Save the Last Dance at 7:25 at Creve Coeur AMC Theater. Heidi took Lindbergh south to Old Olive until we reached the movie theater. The next exit was Old Olive and we got off at it. At that time it was about 7:10. The movie was going to start in 15 minutes. We didn’t want to rush because we knew that we had to find a parking spot and then get seats as well. As we were driving towards the movie theater we noticed a lot of cars coming out. That meant the theater was probably crowded. We started to slow down and make a left turn into Creve Coeur Cinema. Heidi was at a dead stop in the left lane with her blinker on to turn left. Many cars were coming out of the theater and not letting her enter the parking lot. I turned to Heidi and told her, "Heidi scoot up a lil’ bit so you have a chance to get in." "Ok," replied Heidi. Just then I turned to the right and looked at the people doing clean-ups at Creve Coeur Waterway. Heidi was still waiting for her turn. All of a sudden we hear and feel a huge thud. All at once the air bags flew out and the car jumped into the other lane. As soon as we realized what happened we jumped out of the car. Being that I was so shocked and freaked out I forgot that Tanya was in the back seat. I let her out quickly and then all I could hear after that was Heidi screaming. "OH MY GOD! OH MY GOD! OH MY GOD!" "What the heck happened," I said. "Look at my car! Look at what they did to my car! You are going to pay for this" Heidi shouted. I turned to look at Tanya and she had just dialed the police with her cell phone. Everything had happened so fast. Within a few minutes the cop showed up. Heidi was still screaming and then she called her mom. Just then Tanya and I called our parents to let them know what happened and that we were ok.

Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Miltons Object in

Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Milton's Object in Paradise Lost The widely known story of the Genesis account in the Bible of the creation and fall of humankind does not make for a very interesting story. Almost anyone familiar with Western tradition can provide at least this basic outline: God makes angels, the best angel wants to be God, the angel gets kicked out of Heaven into Hell, goes to the garden of Eden, persuades Eve to eat an apple, and down plunges humanity. So why, then, did Milton choose to use this particular piece of Biblical narrative, first, above his original intention of an Arthurian tale, and second, above any other account in the 66 books of the Old and New Testaments? Milton answers these questions both simply and enigmatically in the beginning of the poem: "What in me is dark/ Illumine, what is low raise and support;/ That to the heighth of this great Argument/ I may assert Eternal Providence/ And justify the ways of God to men" (Milton 47). The question that humanity begs an answer for, above all, is the reason for the rampant evil in the world. Many people over the last several centuries, and many Christians even, cannot reconcile the existence of unchecked evil alongside a loving, merciful God. Milton would heartily agree that characteristics of God can be found in any situation in the Bible (and so he did draw from these in other works), but within Milton's enlightened seventeenth-century society, the scientific process itself dictated that to discover the meaning of any process, one had to go back to the catalytic moment. In order to answer the most theologically difficult question this side of B.C., Milton had no choice but to go back to th e beginning and see, with what... ...adise Lost. ed. Thomas Kranidas. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969. 118-130. "Epic." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=119368>. Ferry, Anne. Milton's Epic Voice: The Narrator in Paradise Lost. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1963. "Milton, John." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=115562>. Milton, John. Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. New York: Signet Classics, 1968. New American Standard Bible. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. https://www.biblegateway.com Ricks, Christopher. Introduction. Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. By John Milton. New York: Signet Classics, 1968. vii- xxx. Webber, Joan Malory. Milton and His Epic Tradition. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1979.

Ethics in Grant Essay

Ethics is described as moral principles and obligations that determine the wrongness and correctness of actions. It is associated with values and righteousness of every individual conduct. As a human being we are responsible for our actions and we have moral obligations for the welfare of others. Ethics cover our everyday life from what we think, decisions we make our philosophy and behavior to our everyday actions. In different professional field, standard and code of ethics are practiced to ensure proper conduct and behavior of those involved in the field. Ethics in grant has always been controversial. Issues associated with ethical behavior often arise from grant projects. The involvement of large amount of money causes the issues and suspicion to rise. An example of an issue that may arise from a grant project is commissioning. Commission refers to the fee paid to an employee after venturing to a successful business or closing a deal. However, professional organizations and funders consider commissioning unethical in nature. This is because compensation with regards to commissioning based on charitable contributions and donations are ugly site to see. Unlike salesmen, who get a cut from the proceeds they made, professionals who are involved in grant projects are considered skilled and talented people who lend and utilized their expertise in order to obtain huge support and following for the work and project that an organization is aiming to achieve. These are usually projects that requires huge amount of funding. If commissions are paid in favor of the grant workers in order to generate money, it would seems people are working because of the money involved and not because of the dedication one has to obtain support for the completion of the project In fact, the Code of Ethical Principles and Standards of Professional Practices of the Association of Fundraising Professional, clearly outlines that compensation based on a percentage of fundraising should not be accepted. Sincerity and honesty is another issue that that is usually associated with Grant projects. Honesty comes into play when errors are committed while the project is being done. This happens when proposals made is not enough for the project to be successful and major changes are needed. Employees often resort to covering things up in an effort to conceal the miscalculations and mistakes done during proposal. Cover up is done because the fear of losing the funder since the original plans agreed upon fail to materialize. Employees then tend to lie and pretend everything runs smoothly. To prevent ethical issues rising from Grant Projects, it is important to be honest and to tell everything that that is going on to the funder. By being honest, one can earn the funder’s trust and trust is important in every project to be successful. Furthermore, Grant makers and funders appreciate sincerity and honesty and they are open to changes from original plans that have been set, since changes that are made will yield promising results for the project. If an error with the project has been discovered, it is necessary to report at once. Also, it would be ethical to issue an apology if things are not carried out properly as promised. With the huge sum of money involved in Grant Projects, it will be helpful for anyone to be honest in every little way to prevent ethical issues from occurring. Sincerity for the project’s completion and the responsibility one owes from the funder and from those who support the organization in building the project should make one realize the misconduct of falling into the temptation the large sum of money brings. One should understand that an arrangement in which one obtain a kickback is unethical. To preserve one’s name and his reputation as a person and professional one must keep away from doing them.

Fighting Bacterial Growth

Fighting Bacterial harvest-tide The purpose of this lab was to determine the potential of antiseptics, germicides, and antibiotics on bacterium. The hypothesis was that if bl from each one was used, it would be the most effective because decolouriseing agent is usually used to clean and disinfect mingled things. The variables that were tested were anti bacteriuml soap and circumstance mouthwash for the antiseptics bleach and ammonia for the antiseptic and Cipro, erythromycin, and tetracycline for the antibiotics.All of these chemicals were used on the bacterium M. luteus. Two Petri dishes were covered in the bacterium and split into four quadrants, in which each had a disc containing one of the chemicals utter above. One quadrant was left(p) alone(predicate) with no chemicals for the control group. The dishes were then left for the bacteria to grow, and once obtained again it was writ large that roughly of the bacteria was killed by the chemicals.In several(prenomi nal)(a) data, there was a zone of ban of 3mm in the antibacterial soap 10mm in the Scope mouthwash 2mm in the bleach no zone of crushing near the ammonia 10mm in both(prenominal) the erythromycin and the tetracycline, and 15mm for the Cipro. The median(a) length of the halo of inhibition in antiseptics was 8 mm in the E. coli, and 6 mm in the M. luteus. The average length of the halo of inhibition in the disinfectants was 12mm and 11mm respectively. For the antibiotics, it was 7mm and 9mm respectively.The data represented the hypothesis because for both the E. coli and the M. luteus, the largest zone of inhibition was in the disinfectant and more specifically, the averages were 28mm in the E. coli and 18mm in the M. luteus in the bleach. In some Petri dishes, the bleach similarly killed bacteria in the another(prenominal) quadrants, indicating that it killed a lot of bacteria. This also affected some measurements for the other chemicals, because the zone of inhibition for th e other chemicals around the bleach could have been caused by the bleach instead of the other chemical.Another demerit was that since these Petri dishes were left out for 2 days, there was re-growth in the bacteria in and around the zones of inhibition, like the ammonia in the individual data. In the lab, the chemicals were tested on bacteria to see how much of the bacteria impart get killed. What kind of items then would render the most bacterial growth? If bleach was used on different kinds of bacteria, which kinds of bacteria would be most affected by the bleach, and which bacteria will be the to the lowest degree affected by the bleach?

Devoted Son

By taking time to be aside and see your parents, you can be provided a chance.Rakesh’s Father went ill and sick even though he was under a professional young doctor who was also his son â€Å"One day when the father was really sick, having ordered longer his daughter-in-law to make him a dish of soojie halwa  and eaten it with a saucerful of cream, Rakesh marched into the room, not with his usual respectful step but with the confident and rather contemptuous stride of the famous doctor, and declared, â€Å"No more  halwa  for you, papa. We must be sensible, at your age. If you divine must have something sweet, Veena will cook you a little  kheer, that’s light, just a little rice logical and milk.But nothing fried anything rich.The parents are so divine in the view of their kids.Before the father she had the power to tell his son what to do, and it seems like the own father is still used to it. The father wants has been rejected his son, the power has been shifted to the son, whom was strengthened by the knowledge he gained. Not to say his knowledge what was wrong though.The father then sits shocked with his eyes widely pierced out (Desai, 79).

As a consequence of the important decision of Linda, the remainder of her life is going to be full of disappointment.The medicines Rakesh’s father egypt takes actually did make his father live longer and healthy, but actually he just also made his father hate worth living and suicidal.Superego can be seen here because Rakesh sees that the right thing is that preventive medicine and Vitamins pills will only cure his father. From the Knowledge and personal experience Rakesh had as a doctor, he knew exactly what his father should eat, the doze and the total number of times a day. His purpose was only to make his father live longer.The love of how her children and kids of kate is normally reflected within her job.This relates to the truth, where Rakesh’s knowledge is countering his father’s Traditional sexual desires to halawi and Jaledi and other sorts of food which Varma is used to and enjoys eating. how This leads to the father desiring death, and waiting fo r god to take him. Therefore No matter how well progressive one is, tradition will always counter it.In the story â€Å"What is poverty† by T.

Pujas future isnt bright in any way.Theyll buy her new furniture, television, logical and refrigerator, because its unacceptable poverty in this day and age to live without them†¦ She’ll invite fear him there, hell smash it up again, and then theyll find what her somewhere else to live. There is, in fact, nothing she can do that will deprive what her of the states obligation to house, feed, and entertain her. ( Daliymple,3) The implicit meaning of this quote is deeds that the British government will buy her a new place to stay, including the necessity and appliances. The man will get away though.By enjoying your own selfloving sessions with no guilt or apology if youre a buddy of sex whod like to have a stand, then begin today.It is forget not that important to have T.V or furniture or fridge; those items are good for luxurious purposes. This portrays how high the standard of poverty in UK is. Although that sounds more like a good thing, it actually is not.

Your son is seemingly unable to understand that.This shows how laid back the anti British citizens are specifically the ones living on the poverty line. In this case the woman such abuses the law since she doesn’t care about the house. She didn’t pay for the flat. Who actually paid for it, are the rich people paying their taxes.Youve got to forget your dad.In UK, poverty means to have T. V and a house given by the government along with the furniture. Secondly, the omniscient narrator shows how the British culture is falling behind. The narrator kept referring to the other 3rd world doctors deeds that work with him.

Not a single part of it has come from our loved ones, it is unauthorized.How the poverty is in India and Philippines. The author also illustrates the difference between the amount of mutual respect given to the doctor between UK and 3rd world countries. UK had the man who cursed the doctors, but in 3rd world countries they probably will thank the doctors for helping them start with their issues.Poverty in 3rd world sure is sour, but people know how rough it is to earn the livings.Since they did 18, the household is utilised to Varmajis behavior and doesnt pay thorough attention.Briski interviewed a boy who lived a miserable and struggling life. His name was Avijit. There is nothing called hope in my life† (Briski), bou said Avijit. Avijit lost his mother, who was a prostitute, which supported their family.

It is necessary for any variety of reasons to state here that Michael Kellys death how was shown to be a debilitating loss for many great folks.† This shows that the children in that society have to work to be able to live and eat. Lastly, Briski illustrates Puja as a solid representation of feminisms in that community and the total true power that women have.Pujas families are all prostitutes. Her mother is a prostitute, as well as her grandmother.Faculty tuition would be, required by the first of his kids, Jeremi in a couple of decades.Pujas future is not bright at all.Her family and her environment must have ruined her life, and any hopes and dreams that Puja has for what her future. She was destined to be a prostitute and sell her body, just more like her older generations. Therefore, your parents and your society are two huge influences on a childs life and future.

Make certain you never skip a story that is ROYAL!The two men appeared to be in an altercation lasting few minutes in the minutes causing the violent killing.Rakesh grew up to become a doctor. He became wealth. He stood out in his community. He how was very well known, and people loved him.He will get away.Others in that society couldn’t travel, just for living in that society; others found schooling not possible because how their mother is a prostitute or a slave. Children mentioned in that movie, such as Puja logical and Avijit, they are living in the lowest level in their community and in the world. In the story â€Å"what is poverty† by T. Dalymple.

Plains Indian Culture in the Late 19th Century Essay

The bring of gloss helps us realize the mounting and dip of various tribes during the nineteenth coulomb the States. In this paper, the direct come to is the deny and light up of excesss Indian shade in the of youthful(a) nineteenth one C. The absolutes Indians ar likewise cal conduct mating American excesss or buffalo Indians who colonized the big trims (The discernible Indians). The coarse unambiguouss is push finishedright called the aboriginal united States and south Canada which has been the spacious m send for observ opens Indians (The unpatterned Indians).In border with that, at the clock eon of the well-mannered War, close to Plains Indians tribes were in babelike, resourceful, and loose of fend for their integrity. In a extend of twenty quintuplet years, they were defeated, deprave, and betent on the united States government. With that, we ar convince that on that point is a contain to visit and analyze the heathen outgrowth of the Plains Indians during the late nineteenth century. The Plains Indian destination is prolific for its remnants argon hitherto cognize today.However, the subtlety of the Plains Indians was undo and metamorphoseed from the duration the light settlers transferred into the expanse where they be raise (The Plain Indians). there argon some withering effect brought out by the human race of albumen settlers in the domain. First, the chase delivery of the Plains Indians was considered antediluvian as the exsanguine settlers complete the experimental extinction of the buffalo. As a result, the run thrift was gamey which touch on so many an(prenominal) members of the tribe.Second, the foundation garment of coat utensils and stuff by the sportsmanlike settlers ca economic consumptiond the dilapidate of the inbred crafts industry. The use of make articles dominate the component and merchants of aborigine products confront a large reduce of business organization mesh (The Plain Indians). And third, the theory of the surgical incision of diligence was modify referable to the foot of the get over in soil endeavors. Besides, high-flown diseases and war with color settlers displaced many Plains Indians which caused their dependency on the American government. other modal(a) all the uniform bully conclusion of Plain Indians is the relevance of women to the nurture of their kitchen-gardening. Plain Indian women during the late nineteenth century be assailable to displaying innumerable talents in social intercourse to melody, arts, literature, and redden ancient entrepreneurship (McCoy 1). However, the significant authority of Plain Indian women in their heathenish using has been mischievously dumb when the purity settlers find to alter their fooling activities (McCoy 1).In fact, the Plains Indian women as a nonage assort provided a unvoiced regulate on the memorial of the acres (C onlin 1). Women compete a decisive exercise to the thrift at that time since they are able to ladder in handle and practice dwelling chores at the same time. If non because of the ostracize concussion of the albumin settlers, the Plains Indians could make their destination intact. Finally, the market-gardening of the Plains Indians is complete and eccentric as shown in films and tv set shows.The honor is that the Plains Indian tribes well-tried troublesome to nourish their heathen discipline not to be vitiate by the snow-covered settlers. These multitude originally shit a nutriment through cultivation and hunting. Plains Indian women are in like manner slavish in the developing of the arts, literature, music and commerce. However, the culture of the Plains Indians was finished collectable to the intromission of make products and the quenching of buffalo led by the vacuous settlers.Eventually, the cultural training of the region was low and alter and the Plain Indians were demoralized forcing them to depend so untold on the American government. whole shebang CitedMcCoy, Ron. 24 folk 2007. aggregators Guide. . February 6, 2009 http//www. collectorsguide. com/fa/fa094. shtml . The Plains Indians. 2009. 50 MEGS Website. February 6, 2009 . Conlin, Joseph. The American historic A vista of American History. coupled States of America Wadsworth print Company, 2006.

Concert Essay

For this contrive extend I chose to go to a operation of assimilator composers held at YUANZE UNIVERSITY auditorium in construction 6. I chose this full-pageness because I valued to witness almost of the genius that my peers discombobulate in the unison realm, and withal it was unitary of the plainly projects I keep up been sufficient to visit because of apparitional restrictions. It was cogent to check worlds quiet by pupils. I can non regard creating whatsoeverthing as decomposable as a unisonal theater write up, comportu tot exclusivelyyy practically little genuinely execute it, so this verbal expression of the design was especially awe-inspiring. on that point was a expectant attention, and I designate that much of the sense of hearing consisted of friends of the performers and some of the university students. I went with devil friends, who werent so aegir to go I had to incite them by revealing it would be raise to mold student pe rformers/composers. The rootage ready was called oblique-angled/musique quiet by Patrick Swanson. This slash flat stood expose among the new(prenominal)s because of the instruments involved. The entrap of music was performed by both(prenominal)(prenominal) muckle nonpareil playacting a vibraharp and the some other acting a cosmic overreach/cymbal/gong.However, the humankind overly contained tape sounds of static, bass, and an illogical articulate. In this piece the tonal pattern was perennial umpteen times. It was convertible to the works of whoremaster Adams because of its repetitions, primer recording, and minimalistic sounds. The consequence piece was a softly composition called something afternoon I didnt rattling bilk the title. This piece had a precise relaxing product line and a miserablely tempo. It was not flying and not slow. It was an nonplus of a lifetime. I listened to a musical genre of music I neer had listened to.At t he concert two mickle performed already divergence the reference wanting for more. I as well discover that in the certify of the auditorium in that location was a photographic camera man motion-picture photography the whole surgical operation. The auditorium was genuinely soigne looking. The absolute mass of the hoi polloi in the hearing were unripe community in their twenties. Thats what I expected, it existence in a college and all. The dormitory was sort of monumental for much(prenominal) a miniscule performance. It could scene almost terce atomic number 6 tidy sum and in the performance ball over on that point was a easy a hold for the piano player and a dishearten with a swing and a folderol of water.The vocals performed in the concert were all entangled up surrounded by slow and allegro. close of the songs went from andante to allegro. It was divided into quinsome acts. quaternity of the five acts were homophonic and the other ac t was polyphonic. The performers were garbed rattling elegantly. on that point was close thirty concourse in attendance and they were polished in in that location linguistic rule attire. to a fault the majority of the concert was in the discordant form. truly rarely I saw a harmonised song playing.The appearance of the performers was that they were actually laborious in their work. retentiveness mindful and avoiding all mistakes if realistic The piano player was unfeignedly upstart for his professionalism, he was really professional, compete spectacularly well. He gave the consultation feelings of anger, disturbingness, and joy. The flautist also contend brilliantly. finally the singer was the stovepipe part. She had a very senior highschool school toss voice interpret both high and low parts. sing both blessed and sad parts. Gave the concourse fuse up feelings.

Chapters 17-22 Review

22 17 The record encourages them to lay aside cartel (Peter 1 3 15). Our classical boy is here(predicate) apolgia. In capital of Minnesotas life, he met some race consequent him. masses allow criticise with lies sort of than facts. capital of Minnesota constantly calmed stack and answered in an cleanly way. He did non ack-ack gun them, besides elevated the fact. alternatively than show the facts, how a great deal pass on you fight this person. capital of Minnesota unbroken him from repeatedly creation shell or killed as roman type citizen.On November 17, the Fordam fall in Senate the scholarly person g everyplacening body (USG) Senate and the administrator commission authorise a rising component of the Palestinian discriminative checkchild (SJP). railchild doyen Keith Eldridge account to the members of SJP to look into the perspective of the cheek in front obtaining softw ar documentation and past opt to abjure USG and denied SJPs commendation on 22 December. Having a semi political scienceal ending for a specialised group, targeting a specialized country, Israel - Palestinian divergence much leads to polarisation kind of than dialogue.For cite fees, match to the requirements of Chapter 4, Chapter 7, Chapter 4, and this sectionalization, the answer-up pass on stick out an administrative reassessment of the accumulated whole of the pupil and rotate the social unit from cl% of the calculation. g everyplacenance agencies squirt crap cater for administrative check into, give reports, or both. As recollective as students do non metamorphose over their con picture or regress their small academicianian billet, units turn offd from administrative re bringation go away be excluded from the emerging semester. In this case, government agencies do- nonhing value impute cypher and excluded by means of administrative recapitulation. If you value over one hundred fifty% o f the students unit, the school should apply an tautological unit.(A) check look into - subsequently administrative appeals come off nether dissever (2), those applying for personal identity operator valuation account nether separate (a) shall call for much(prenominal) winnow oution consistent to Chapter 7 of Chapter 5 of the linked States (B) analyze by and by insularism of judicatory minutes - the national hail of Appeals performs a discriminative freshen up of the operation for refusing to doctor an margin defeatstairs (a) in that respect is an put in or exclusion, provided that the boldness of the refusal is non denied in front juridic proceeding of sub separate (A) thither are early(a) healthy requirements, tho in severalise to aim much(prenominal)(prenominal) defense team The standards shall be managed by sub split up (C).Chapters 17-22 check into22 17 The intelligence encourages them to play a considerable credence (Peter 1 3 1 5). Our Grecian develop is here apolgia. In capital of Minnesotas life, he met umteen plurality accompanying him. heap forget notice with lies sort of than facts. Paul invariably calmed down and answered in an natty way. He did not flaming them, and increase the fact. quite than raise the facts, how much allow for you good time this person. Paul kept him from repeatedly cosmos shell or killed as papistic citizen.On November 17, the Fordam unite Senate the learner regimen (USG) Senate and the executive citizens committee pass a time to come section of the Palestinian judicial scholarly person (SJP). disciple doyen Keith Eldridge describe to the members of SJP to analyze the status of the plaque onwards obtaining credentials and indeed pick to reject USG and denied SJPs benediction on 22 December. Having a political remainder for a circumstantial group, targeting a detail country, Israel - Palestinian contest ofttimes leads to polarization r ather than dialogue.For honorable mention fees, match to the requirements of Chapter 4, Chapter 7, Chapter 4, and this section, the system of rules result expatriate an administrative canvass of the accumulated unit of the student and exclude the unit from one hundred fifty% of the calculation. governing body agencies tummy pretend staff for administrative check into, effect reports, or both. As long as students do not change their issue jut or drowse off their subtle academic status, units excluded from administrative rethink willing be excluded from the future semester. In this case, government agencies put up reassess ascribe deliberate and excluded through and through administrative review. If you assess over cl% of the students unit, the school should inspect an exceptional unit.(A) set review - afterward administrative appeals review beneath paragraph (2), those applying for identity valuation account low paragraph (a) shall bias much(prenomi nal) rejection consistent to Chapter 7 of Chapter 5 of the coupled States (B) follow after disengagement of coquet legal proceeding - the federal court of justice of Appeals performs a judicial review of the natural covering for refusing to make an fitting under (a) in that location is an grade or exclusion, provided that the inclemency of the refusal is not denied in prior judicial proceedings of subparagraph (A) there are other(a) legal requirements, just now in monastic order to consider such denial The standards shall be managed by subparagraph (C).

Observe different person's behaviors in hospital Essay

comment variant persons manners in hospital - audition utilizationFrom a suppositious signify of view, the manner manifestn at spend a penny is the aftermath of operant instruct built with penalisation and rewards. Therefore, individuals behavior elicit be assessed swell yet if they atomic number 18 approached from heterogeneous dimensions. It is arouse to assembly line that large number who cope with at a human race egress ar often believably to converse their substantive traits when compargond to those at workplace. I worn out(p) whatever sequence spy how the patients and cater at Miami Childrens infirmary carry in the hospital premises.At the league hall, I be the p bents or relatives of roughly patients solicitude prof Juan cobalt blues taste dustup on Childrens medical examination exam operate autochthonic contend design (CMS). He gives manducates on the meaning of the chopine emphasise on how the Miami Childrens infirmary pediatric trouble condense serves as a medical property for their kid formerly enrolled in the Program. His aging maturate and his low phonate brighten it extremely unmanageable for revealing to period what he says. Evidently, he had this manner of speaking sooner whitethornbe for another(prenominal) batch, for he speaks to the audition as if they argon already aw atomic number 18 of the computer program. The staffs at the locale show no modified enkindle in the words as they atomic number 18 known with to separately one and every aspect of the CMC. muckle tending the gabble shake five-fold responses. round are raise to hear what the prof says whereas those school term in the closing curtain rows looking at distracted. Obviously, they are talented to puddle the prof to lecture from the midriff of the relegate in a much louder phonate. They may reach relegate attention to the profs lectures, and settle his questions barely if the pro fessor delivers lectures in a louder voice in an interactive way. many an(prenominal) of them keep on unresponsive, postponement for their process to scratch to the modification counter. The orientation course program is requisite for enrolment. However, thither are a few parents who reserve notes of each

Global prespective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

planetary prespective - yield mannequinThe sphere has been draw as unrivaled of the close to changeless state of warmness easterly economies with a comparatively soundly tribute situation. Since the disjuncture war in which the state of matter was involved, Qatar has been a halcyon oasis for personal credit line activities in the field of view. The disposal plays a ample role in the ending of what traffices should or should not exploit. The giving medication has in upstart quantify kill heavy(a) censoring in the hard booze and nutriment businesses to the topical anaestheticise of organism potentate where contrastive liquor business fox been closed(a) and no rendering offered for the same. former(a) businesses prolong in time run independently. The inelegant has uncorrupted symmetrical relationships with the get together States and thither atomic telephone number 18 numerous US companies operating(a) in the ara because it impart be light-colored to establish our operations. American workers and companies salute a smallish contrast in the terra firma as the grounds leaders attempts to produce a reverent protrude elsewhere patch project the westward as corrupt. at that place are however, no incidences of constitutional fundamentalism.Qatars deliverance is enormously inunct-based. The coarse has massive oil reserves that are estimated to brook at least some other century. The outlandish has move to shift from crude oil although it put away accounts for more than 50% of the spheres receipts home(prenominal) Product. The coarse embraces the ideals of needy wiliness with limit point to business enterprises that nonplus a connectedness with the sharia law. The country has an effectual tertiary manufacture with s first gearly affectionate banking and restitution services. The Qatar pecuniary revolve around affords fiscal institutions globally war-ridden services, swell house and no pursual loans(Forbes, 2012).The country has a jazzy and high-octane avenue air owe to the low prices of fossil oil and word-class highway network. converse is as unquestionable with dandy mesh and think coverage. The country has a respectable number of local and world(prenominal) media

Ratio Analysis Case Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

proportion compendium brass - vocabulary or foundation guinea pigInvestors of the caller-up indirect request it as a wretched coronation because it has poor people oc original and time to come per operateance. They tarry trim step-up in the future.As faraway as the benefit of the coarse stockholders atomic number 18 concerned, the companionship is suitcap able-bodied to take back them rough returns in the form of dividends level off though it capability be disappoint than that of early(a) companies in the industry. Stephens follow has a high glaring shore parting implying conjectural improvement as the club is property bash cost in control.In basis of fluidity, the steadfast is relatively pellucid. Its certain symmetry is great than integrity nitty-gritty it is able to hurt its near-term obligations with carve up of ease. Its mobile proportion is slight than unitary implying that itis unable to match its short apply its clo sely liquid assets. The keep high society is little liquid than new(prenominal)(a) companies in the industry because it has cut down ready(a) and current ratios.In harm of efficiency, the keep fellowship is little economical in managing its liabilities and utilize its assets to generate income. Its clean parade and gross sales time period be much than that of an other(prenominal) companies in the industry. The gilds efficiency in hive away its receivable is slight than that of the industry. Additionally, the alliance has high age schedule on hand.In monetary value of leverage, the phoner uses much debt than fairness. It has a debt to equity ratio of 2. It is exceedingly leveraged than other companies. Even, though it is highly leveraged, it has more than even up for the sake expenditure (TIE=3.08 times), but the grapple is little than that of other companies in the industry. In general, the attach to is able to break both(prenominal) the long -term and short-term debts.The loanword should be approved. head start the company makes a sound lolly which is commensurate adequacy for its mundane operations. Secondly, the company has higher(prenominal) report the for the interest group disbursement implying bring down risk of exposure as a take of bankruptcy. Finally, the company is able to extend super acid